12月1日出版(ban)的第23期《求是》雜(za)志將發表中共(gong)中央總書記(ji)、國(guo)家主(zhu)席、中央軍委(wei)主(zhu)席習近平的重(zhong)要文章(zhang)《切實(shi)加強(qiang)耕地(di)保護 抓好鹽(yan)堿地(di)綜合(he)改造利用》。
文章強調(diao)，要(yao)深刻認(ren)識加強耕(geng)地(di)保(bao)護(hu)的重要(yao)性和緊迫性。糧食安全是“國(guo)之大者”，耕(geng)地(di)是糧食生產的命(ming)根子(zi)。我們黨(dang)始終高度重視耕(geng)地(di)保(bao)護(hu)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。黨(dang)的十八大以來，黨(dang)中央(yang)先(xian)后實(shi)施(shi)一系列(lie)硬(ying)措施(shi)，守(shou)住了耕(geng)地(di)紅(hong)線，初步遏制(zhi)了耕(geng)地(di)總量持續下滑趨(qu)勢。同時要(yao)清醒認(ren)識到，我國(guo)人多(duo)地(di)少的國(guo)情(qing)沒有(you)變，耕(geng)地(di)“非農化”、“非糧化”問(wen)(wen)題(ti)依然突出，守(shou)住耕(geng)地(di)紅(hong)線的基礎(chu)尚不托底，農田水利方(fang)面欠賬還很多(duo)。新時代(dai)新征程(cheng)上，耕(geng)地(di)保(bao)護(hu)任務沒有(you)減輕，而是更加艱(jian)巨。
文(wen)章提出了加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)總體思路和關鍵舉措(cuo)。文(wen)章強(qiang)(qiang)調(diao)，耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)是(shi)(shi)一個系(xi)統工程，當(dang)(dang)前，要突出把(ba)握好量(liang)(liang)質(zhi)并(bing)重(zhong)(zhong)、嚴格執法(fa)、系(xi)統推進(jin)(jin)(jin)、永(yong)續利(li)用(yong)等重(zhong)(zhong)大要求(qiu)。文(wen)章強(qiang)(qiang)調(diao)，守住耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)這個命根子，必須要有(you)(you)幾個關鍵實(shi)招。一是(shi)(shi)壓實(shi)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)責(ze)任。新一輪國土空間(jian)規(gui)劃已(yi)經(jing)明確了各(ge)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)和永(yong)久基本農(nong)田(tian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)任務，并(bing)落(luo)(luo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)落(luo)(luo)圖。省(sheng)級(ji)黨委和政府得把(ba)責(ze)任牢牢扛(kang)在肩上(shang)，確保(bao)18億畝(mu)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)紅線決(jue)不(bu)突破。二是(shi)(shi)全(quan)力提升(sheng)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。真正(zheng)把(ba)15.46億畝(mu)永(yong)久基本農(nong)田(tian)建成(cheng)適(shi)宜耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)作、旱澇保(bao)收、高(gao)產(chan)(chan)穩產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)現代化良田(tian)。加(jia)快耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)立(li)法(fa)，實(shi)施(shi)黑土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)工程，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)酸化等退化耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)治(zhi)理(li)，實(shi)施(shi)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)有(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)提升(sheng)行(xing)動(dong)。三是(shi)(shi)改革完善耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)占補(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)制度。將各(ge)類(lei)對耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)占用(yong)，統一納(na)入占補(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)管(guan)理(li)。健全(quan)補(bu)充耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)驗收制度。四是(shi)(shi)調(diao)動(dong)農(nong)民(min)和地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方政府保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、種(zhong)糧(liang)(liang)抓糧(liang)(liang)積極性。健全(quan)種(zhong)糧(liang)(liang)農(nong)民(min)收益保(bao)障機(ji)制。發(fa)(fa)展多種(zhong)形式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)農(nong)業(ye)適(shi)度規(gui)模(mo)經(jing)營。健全(quan)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)主(zhu)產(chan)(chan)區(qu)(qu)利(li)益補(bu)償機(ji)制，形成(cheng)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)主(zhu)產(chan)(chan)區(qu)(qu)、主(zhu)銷(xiao)區(qu)(qu)、產(chan)(chan)銷(xiao)平(ping)衡(heng)區(qu)(qu)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)合力。加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)撂荒地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)治(zhi)理(li)，摸清底(di)數，分(fen)類(lei)推進(jin)(jin)(jin)撂荒地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)利(li)用(yong)。五是(shi)(shi)積極開發(fa)(fa)各(ge)類(lei)非傳(chuan)統耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)資源(yuan)。加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)科技研發(fa)(fa)和生產(chan)(chan)投資，探(tan)索有(you)(you)效發(fa)(fa)展模(mo)式(shi)(shi)，把(ba)“藏糧(liang)(liang)于地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”同“藏糧(liang)(liang)于技”結合起來，利(li)用(yong)各(ge)類(lei)非傳(chuan)統耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)資源(yuan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)農(nong)業(ye)生產(chan)(chan)。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)要嚴格執法(fa)，但不(bu)能不(bu)分(fen)青(qing)紅皂(zao)白、來回“拉抽屜”。要實(shi)事求(qiu)是(shi)(shi)，尊重(zhong)(zhong)規(gui)律，保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)農(nong)民(min)利(li)益，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)宣傳(chuan)解讀，適(shi)當(dang)(dang)留(liu)出過(guo)渡期(qi)，循序漸進(jin)(jin)(jin)推動(dong)。
文(wen)章(zhang)指出(chu)，要(yao)抓好(hao)鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)改(gai)造(zao)利用(yong)。鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)改(gai)造(zao)利用(yong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護和改(gai)良的重要(yao)方(fang)面(mian)。我國(guo)鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)多，部(bu)分(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)化(hua)(hua)趨勢加劇，開展鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)改(gai)造(zao)利用(yong)意義重大。要(yao)充分(fen)(fen)挖掘鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)開發利用(yong)潛力，加強現(xian)有(you)(you)鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)改(gai)造(zao)提升，有(you)(you)效遏(e)制(zhi)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)化(hua)(hua)趨勢，穩(wen)步拓展農業(ye)生(sheng)產空(kong)間(jian)，提高(gao)農業(ye)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)生(sheng)產能力，做好(hao)鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)特(te)色農業(ye)大文(wen)章(zhang)。要(yao)重點(dian)抓好(hao)幾(ji)項工作：一是(shi)(shi)(shi)全(quan)面(mian)摸清鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)資(zi)源狀況，把基(ji)礎工作打牢。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)搞好(hao)頂層設計，研究編制(zhi)鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)利用(yong)總(zong)體規(gui)劃和專項實施(shi)方(fang)案。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)類(lei)施(shi)策，分(fen)(fen)區(qu)分(fen)(fen)類(lei)開展鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)治(zhi)理(li)改(gai)良。四是(shi)(shi)(shi)堅(jian)持糧經飼統籌，因地(di)(di)(di)(di)制(zhi)宜利用(yong)鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)，向各類(lei)鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)資(zi)源要(yao)食物(wu)。五是(shi)(shi)(shi)“以種(zhong)適地(di)(di)(di)(di)”同(tong)“以地(di)(di)(di)(di)適種(zhong)”相結合(he)(he)，加快選育(yu)耐(nai)鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)特(te)色品種(zhong)，大力推廣鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)治(zhi)理(li)改(gai)良的有(you)(you)效做法(fa)。六(liu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)定支持鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)利用(yong)的財(cai)政金融(rong)政策，強化(hua)(hua)資(zi)金等要(yao)素保(bao)障。
切實加強耕地保護 抓好鹽堿地綜合改造利用※
習近平
今(jin)天中(zhong)央財經委員會研(yan)究加強耕地保(bao)護(hu)和鹽(yan)堿地綜合改(gai)造利用(yong)問題。下面(mian)，我(wo)講幾(ji)點(dian)意見。
第一，深刻認識加強耕地保護的重要性和緊迫性
糧食安全是(shi)“國之大者”，耕地(di)(di)是(shi)糧食生產的命根子。我們(men)黨始終高(gao)度(du)重視耕地(di)(di)保(bao)(bao)護問題。黨的十八大以(yi)來，黨中央先后實施(shi)農田水利骨干工程、高(gao)標準農田建設工程、黑(hei)土(tu)地(di)(di)保(bao)(bao)護工程、耕地(di)(di)土(tu)壤污染治(zhi)理和(he)修復工程等，劃定耕地(di)(di)和(he)永(yong)久基本農田保(bao)(bao)護紅線，建立省級黨委和(he)政府落實耕地(di)(di)保(bao)(bao)護責任制(zhi)。這一系列(lie)硬措施(shi)，守(shou)住了耕地(di)(di)紅線，初步遏制(zhi)了耕地(di)(di)總量持續下滑趨勢。
同時(shi)要清醒認識到，我國人多地(di)(di)少的國情沒有變(bian)，耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)“非農化(hua)”、“非糧(liang)化(hua)”問題依然突出(chu)，耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)撂(liao)荒增多，占(zhan)補平衡存在量不足、質不高問題，守住(zhu)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)紅線(xian)的基(ji)礎(chu)尚不托底。農田水(shui)利方(fang)(fang)面(mian)欠賬(zhang)還(huan)很多，一些地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)水(shui)土(tu)流失、地(di)(di)下水(shui)超采、土(tu)壤退(tui)化(hua)、農業面(mian)源(yuan)污染加重(zhong)。新時(shi)代新征(zheng)程上，耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)保護任務沒有減輕，而是更加艱巨。
△ 2023年(nian)9月6日(ri)(ri)至8日(ri)(ri)，中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍(jun)委主席習近平在黑龍江考察(cha)。這是(shi)7日(ri)(ri)上午，習近平在遭受(shou)洪澇災(zai)害的哈爾濱尚志市老街基鄉(xiang)龍王廟村(cun)，察(cha)看水稻受(shou)災(zai)情況。新華社記者(zhe) 殷博古/攝
第二，加強耕地保護的總體思路和關鍵舉措
耕地保護(hu)是一個系(xi)統工程，當前(qian)，要突(tu)出把握好量質(zhi)并重(zhong)、嚴格(ge)執法、系(xi)統推進、永續利用等重(zhong)大要求。
——量(liang)(liang)質并(bing)重，就是耕地(di)(di)保護(hu)既要保數量(liang)(liang)，也要提質量(liang)(liang)。永(yong)久(jiu)基(ji)本農田必(bi)須(xu)實至名歸，必(bi)須(xu)是穩(wen)產(chan)高產(chan)良(liang)田。耕地(di)(di)占補平(ping)(ping)衡，不能成為簡(jian)單的數量(liang)(liang)平(ping)(ping)衡，必(bi)須(xu)實現(xian)質量(liang)(liang)平(ping)(ping)衡、產(chan)能平(ping)(ping)衡，決不能再搞“貍貓換太子”的把戲。
——嚴格執法(fa)，就是要實(shi)行最嚴格的耕地保(bao)護制度，用(yong)“長牙齒”措施保(bao)護耕地。分級落實(shi)各級黨委和政府責任，整合監管執法(fa)力量，形成(cheng)合力。
——系統(tong)推進(jin)，就是要把(ba)耕地保護放到建(jian)設人與自然和(he)諧(xie)共生的(de)中國式現代化中來考(kao)量，落實(shi)好(hao)主(zhu)體(ti)功(gong)能區(qu)戰略(lve)，堅持山水(shui)林田湖草沙一體(ti)化保護和(he)系統(tong)治理(li)。
——永續(xu)利(li)用，就是要(yao)處(chu)理好近(jin)期與長期的(de)(de)關系，不但要(yao)為(wei)(wei)當代人著想，還要(yao)為(wei)(wei)子孫后代負責，把(ba)祖祖輩(bei)輩(bei)耕(geng)種的(de)(de)耕(geng)地保(bao)護(hu)好提升好，為(wei)(wei)后代留下更多(duo)發展空間。
守住耕(geng)地這個命根子，必須要有幾個關鍵(jian)實招(zhao)。
一是壓實(shi)耕地(di)(di)保護(hu)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)。新一輪國土(tu)空間(jian)規劃已經明確了各(ge)地(di)(di)耕地(di)(di)和永久基本(ben)農田保護(hu)任(ren)(ren)務，并落地(di)(di)落圖。省級黨(dang)委和政府得(de)把責(ze)任(ren)(ren)牢(lao)牢(lao)扛(kang)在肩上(shang)，確保18億畝耕地(di)(di)紅線(xian)決不突(tu)破。有(you)關部門要(yao)嚴格考核問責(ze)，不能含糊。
二是全(quan)(quan)力提(ti)升耕地(di)質量。黨的(de)二十大(da)提(ti)出(chu)，要(yao)逐步把(ba)(ba)永久(jiu)基(ji)本(ben)農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)全(quan)(quan)部(bu)建(jian)成(cheng)高標準農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)。要(yao)盡快出(chu)臺(tai)具體實施(shi)方(fang)案(an)，明(ming)確建(jian)設內容(rong)和投入標準，真正把(ba)(ba)15.46億畝永久(jiu)基(ji)本(ben)農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)建(jian)成(cheng)適宜耕作、旱澇保(bao)收、高產穩產的(de)現代化良田(tian)(tian)(tian)。加快耕地(di)質量保(bao)護立法，實施(shi)黑土地(di)保(bao)護工程，加強(qiang)酸化等退(tui)化耕地(di)治理(li)，實施(shi)耕地(di)有機(ji)質提(ti)升行(xing)動。中央和地(di)方(fang)財政要(yao)為提(ti)升耕地(di)質量提(ti)供資金保(bao)障，同時(shi)加強(qiang)監管，確保(bao)把(ba)(ba)錢用到(dao)耕地(di)上。
三是改革完善耕地占(zhan)補(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡制度(du)(du)。占(zhan)補(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡中耕地數量(liang)和質(zhi)量(liang)補(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)不(bu)到位，根子是制度(du)(du)漏(lou)洞。要(yao)將非農建(jian)設、農業結構(gou)調整、造(zao)林種樹等各類(lei)對耕地的(de)占(zhan)用，統一納入占(zhan)補(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡管理。堅持(chi)“以補(bu)(bu)(bu)定占(zhan)”，把上年凈增加的(de)耕地數量(liang)作為下年度(du)(du)批準(zhun)占(zhan)用耕地的(de)前提。不(bu)能占(zhan)1畝良田(tian)補(bu)(bu)(bu)1畝劣地、占(zhan)1畝整田(tian)補(bu)(bu)(bu)1畝散(san)地。要(yao)健(jian)全補(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)耕地質(zhi)量(liang)驗收(shou)制度(du)(du)，強化(hua)剛性約束，完善后續管護、再評價等機制。
四是(shi)調動農(nong)(nong)(nong)民和(he)地(di)方(fang)(fang)政府保(bao)護(hu)(hu)耕(geng)地(di)、種(zhong)糧(liang)抓糧(liang)積極性。耕(geng)地(di)“非農(nong)(nong)(nong)化”、“非糧(liang)化”，一個重(zhong)要(yao)原因是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)特別是(shi)糧(liang)食種(zhong)植比較收(shou)益偏低。要(yao)健(jian)全種(zhong)糧(liang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民收(shou)益保(bao)障機制(zhi)。推動現代化集(ji)約化農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)發展(zhan)，發展(zhan)多種(zhong)形(xing)式的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)適度規模經營(ying)，提高(gao)生(sheng)產效率，增(zeng)加(jia)糧(liang)食種(zhong)植的(de)比較收(shou)益，調動農(nong)(nong)(nong)民保(bao)護(hu)(hu)耕(geng)地(di)和(he)種(zhong)糧(liang)積極性。健(jian)全糧(liang)食主(zhu)產區利益補(bu)償機制(zhi)，調動地(di)方(fang)(fang)政府抓耕(geng)地(di)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、抓糧(liang)食生(sheng)產的(de)積極性，形(xing)成糧(liang)食主(zhu)產區、主(zhu)銷(xiao)區、產銷(xiao)平衡區耕(geng)地(di)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)合(he)力。
△ 2023年5月11日(ri)(ri)至12日(ri)(ri)，中共中央(yang)總(zong)書(shu)記、國家主(zhu)席、中央(yang)軍委主(zhu)席習近平(ping)(ping)在河北考(kao)察(cha)(cha)，并主(zhu)持召開深入推進京津冀協(xie)同發展座(zuo)談會。這(zhe)是(shi)11日(ri)(ri)上午，習近平(ping)(ping)在滄州市黃(huang)驊市舊城鎮仙莊片(pian)區旱堿地(di)麥田考(kao)察(cha)(cha)時，同種植(zhi)戶、農技專家親(qin)切(qie)交流。新華社記者 殷博古(gu)/攝
還要(yao)(yao)強調一(yi)下撂荒地(di)治(zhi)理問(wen)題。要(yao)(yao)摸清底數(shu)，分類(lei)推進撂荒地(di)利用。無人耕種(zhong)的(de)，要(yao)(yao)通(tong)過土地(di)托管、代種(zhong)代耕等(deng)措(cuo)施(shi)，保證地(di)有人種(zhong)。地(di)不好(hao)種(zhong)的(de)，要(yao)(yao)通(tong)過水(shui)利設施(shi)建設、地(di)塊歸(gui)并整理、地(di)力培肥等(deng)措(cuo)施(shi)，改善(shan)耕作條件(jian)，盡快恢復生產。對(dui)確不宜(yi)(yi)耕種(zhong)的(de)，可以根(gen)據條件(jian)，宜(yi)(yi)糧(liang)則糧(liang)、宜(yi)(yi)經濟作物則經濟作物，增加(jia)多樣(yang)化(hua)食物供給。要(yao)(yao)重視發揮村(cun)集體居(ju)間服務(wu)、統一(yi)經營的(de)功能，因地(di)制宜(yi)(yi)把撂荒地(di)種(zhong)好(hao)用好(hao)。
五(wu)是積(ji)極開(kai)發各(ge)類(lei)非(fei)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)耕(geng)地(di)(di)資源(yuan)。隨著科技(ji)不斷進(jin)(jin)步，農(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)與土(tu)地(di)(di)之(zhi)間的(de)關系正在發生(sheng)深刻轉(zhuan)變(bian)。通過一(yi)定形(xing)式的(de)技(ji)術改造和設(she)施(shi)建設(she)，很多原來不能用(yong)于農(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)土(tu)地(di)(di)也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)用(yong)于農(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)，這就可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)突破我國傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)耕(geng)地(di)(di)稀缺(que)的(de)自然條件限制。比如，鹽堿地(di)(di)的(de)改造利(li)(li)用(yong)；又如，發展(zhan)新型(xing)設(she)施(shi)農(nong)業，進(jin)(jin)行工廠化農(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)，城市里可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)蔬菜(cai)，荒(huang)漠(mo)戈(ge)壁也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)利(li)(li)用(yong)起來，這方面新疆、甘肅等地(di)(di)已有(you)成(cheng)功的(de)案例。要(yao)加強科技(ji)研發和生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)投資，探索(suo)有(you)效發展(zhan)模(mo)式，把“藏糧(liang)于地(di)(di)”同“藏糧(liang)于技(ji)”結(jie)合起來，利(li)(li)用(yong)各(ge)類(lei)非(fei)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)耕(geng)地(di)(di)資源(yuan)進(jin)(jin)行農(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)。
最近(jin)一(yi)個(ge)時期(qi)，各方面(mian)抓耕地(di)保(bao)護(hu)的積極(ji)性(xing)明顯(xian)提高，但也出(chu)現了(le)一(yi)些急于求成的傾(qing)向。保(bao)護(hu)耕地(di)要嚴格執法，嚴厲打擊違法違規占(zhan)用耕地(di)行為，但不能不分青(qing)紅皂(zao)白、來回“拉(la)抽屜”。要實事(shi)求是，尊(zun)重規律，保(bao)護(hu)農(nong)民利益，加強宣傳解讀，適當留出(chu)過渡(du)期(qi)，循序漸進推動。
第三，要抓好鹽堿地綜合改造利用
鹽堿(jian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)綜(zong)合(he)改(gai)造利(li)用(yong)是(shi)耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保護和改(gai)良的(de)(de)重要方面。長期以來，在鹽堿(jian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)綜(zong)合(he)改(gai)造利(li)用(yong)方面，我們(men)黨帶領人民譜寫了(le)輝煌篇(pian)章。1949年(nian)冬天，新中國剛(gang)剛(gang)成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)不(bu)久，黨中央就決定對黃泛區鹽堿(jian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)開展綜(zong)合(he)治理，經過(guo)幾(ji)十年(nian)的(de)(de)改(gai)造、幾(ji)代人的(de)(de)努(nu)力，黃泛區變成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)名副其實(shi)的(de)(de)大糧倉。山東(dong)東(dong)營(ying)、河北滄(cang)州是(shi)濱海鹽堿(jian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)典型區域，過(guo)去(qu)有個(ge)(ge)俗(su)語“春天白茫茫，夏天水汪汪，十年(nian)九不(bu)收，糠菜半年(nian)糧”，土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鹽堿(jian)化非常嚴重。最近兩年(nian)，我先后去(qu)這兩個(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方考察，了(le)解(jie)到他們(men)都結合(he)實(shi)際探(tan)索出鹽堿(jian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)綜(zong)合(he)改(gai)造利(li)用(yong)的(de)(de)有效途徑。
我(wo)國鹽(yan)堿(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)多，部分地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)鹽(yan)堿(jian)(jian)化趨勢(shi)加劇，開(kai)展鹽(yan)堿(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)綜(zong)合改造利用(yong)意義重大(da)。對(dui)現有(you)大(da)面積鹽(yan)堿(jian)(jian)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)進行改造提(ti)升，可(ke)(ke)以有(you)效挖掘單產(chan)潛(qian)力。在一些鹽(yan)堿(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)發(fa)展飼(si)草(cao)和現代(dai)畜牧業(ye)，可(ke)(ke)以拓展多元食物渠(qu)道(dao)，不一定都種糧食。適度開(kai)發(fa)鹽(yan)堿(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)等耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)后備資源，可(ke)(ke)以補充耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)面積。不久前，我(wo)去內蒙古(gu)巴彥淖爾調研(yan)，“三(san)北”地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)大(da)量(liang)鹽(yan)堿(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)上植被稀疏，防(fang)風(feng)固沙能力差，如不加快治理，將增加荒漠化風(feng)險。從這個(ge)角度看，治理鹽(yan)堿(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)的生態意義也很大(da)。
開展(zhan)鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)綜合(he)改(gai)造(zao)利用(yong)，要充分(fen)(fen)挖掘鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)開發利用(yong)潛力，加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)現有(you)鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)改(gai)造(zao)提升，有(you)效遏制耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)化趨勢(shi)，穩步拓展(zhan)農業生產(chan)空間，提高(gao)農業綜合(he)生產(chan)能(neng)力，做(zuo)好鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)特色(se)(se)農業大文章。要重點抓好幾項工作：一是(shi)(shi)全面(mian)摸清鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)資(zi)源(yuan)狀況，把基礎工作打牢(lao)。二是(shi)(shi)搞好頂(ding)層設計，研究(jiu)編制鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)綜合(he)利用(yong)總體規(gui)劃和專項實(shi)施(shi)方(fang)案，根(gen)據水資(zi)源(yuan)等方(fang)面(mian)條(tiao)件對成本效益進行綜合(he)評估，區分(fen)(fen)輕重緩急，經過嚴格認定審(shen)批后實(shi)施(shi)。三是(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)類(lei)施(shi)策，分(fen)(fen)區分(fen)(fen)類(lei)開展(zhan)鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)治理改(gai)良，梯次推進鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)等耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)后備資(zi)源(yuan)開發，加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)化防(fang)治。四(si)是(shi)(shi)堅(jian)持糧經飼(si)統籌，因地(di)(di)(di)(di)制宜利用(yong)鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)，向各類(lei)鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)資(zi)源(yuan)要食物(wu)。五是(shi)(shi)“以種(zhong)適(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)”同“以地(di)(di)(di)(di)適(shi)種(zhong)”相結合(he)，加(jia)(jia)快選育(yu)耐鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)特色(se)(se)品種(zhong)，大力推廣鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)治理改(gai)良的(de)(de)有(you)效做(zuo)法。六是(shi)(shi)制定支(zhi)持鹽(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)綜合(he)利用(yong)的(de)(de)財(cai)政金融政策，強(qiang)化資(zi)金等要素保障，引導鼓勵社(she)會資(zi)金投入。
※這是習近平總書記2023年7月20日(ri)在二十屆中央財經委員會(hui)第二次會(hui)議上(shang)關于加強耕地(di)保(bao)護和鹽堿(jian)地(di)綜合改造(zao)利(li)用講話的主要部分。